Comparing strategies – learning from ‘star recyclers’

The Scottish Government’s 2008 International Review of Recycling Policies that provides an overview of policy levers that have led to high levels of recycling and composting of municipal waste across a range of international jurisdictions shows us just how much can be learnt from observing our neighbours; especially those that have met and surpassed EU targets.

What stands out for me in this review is the success that large-scale schemes such as the introduction of a landfill tax or variable charging for household waste has had. Research conducted in Bavaria, Netherlands, Flanders and Austria shows that these countries have the highest rates for recycling and composting municipal waste, each of them reaching above 60%.

The challenge however seems to lie in striking the right balance. There is the risk that some schemes may be perceived as being too demanding on customers. Even though Sweden and Switzerland are among the recycling ‘role model list’, the review reveals that household ‘sort and bring’ systems in these countries have received criticism for this very reason.

Nevertheless, what does seem to be clear is that having the right infrastructure and incentives in place is indispensable if one is to achieve their desired targets. In Ireland, where there is a lack of processing facilities, this has resulted in 30% of municipal waste being exported and higher treatment costs. As for incentives, they help to encourage stronger partnerships between government, municipalities and industries.

In the UK, according the Materials Recycling Week 2008 State of the Nation Report, most local authorities would like to see improvements in the provision of recycling and waste collection services. Their intentions are indeed in the right place, but with local authorities expecting their recycling rate to be around 45% on average in 2010/11, these targets fail to meet national and EU objectives.

What does the UK plan on doing about this? The Stern Report clearly demonstrated to the nation the economic cost of failing to address environmental issues. If the UK is to improve its standing – whether it be in recycling and waste management, or in another area - more leadership is required from the government. Someone needs to set the pace for change.